Does it blow immediately, or only when you press the brake?
If only blows when you press the brake, then in addition to checking the sockets as Cusser has mentioned, you need to start checking the harness that feeds the rear harness. It goes under the driver side door threshold and then wraps around the back side of the cab before it goes though the right rear corner of the cab. You can unplug it there and isolate cab portion of the harness from the rear harness. If you have regular cab, it's not as hard to get to and that's what I would do to isolate the wiring. If you have a cab plus, then it's a pain to get to and I would check other things first.
With that unplugged, if it sill blows when you press the brake, then you know you have a problem in the cab. If not, then you know it's on the rear harness somewhere...in/under the bed.
If it blows immediately (without stepping on the brake) and with the brake switch unplugged, then I would inspect the wiring between the fuse and the brake switch. You may have some shorted some wires right behind the fuse box, especially after plugging in a 30 amp fuse.
Also, if if blows immediately (with the brake switch unplugged), then check out the wiring going to the horn. The horn is also on the "Stop" light fuse/circuit. I would unplug the horn relay and see if that makes a difference. Unlikely that is where the problem is, but it's possible.
I would definitely try to get a look at the back of the fuse box. If it "nearly melted" the plastic fuse, then it has probably taken a toll on the thin insulation on your wiring. I've seen many truck with melted insulation behind the fuse box, like this one...