Most likely... blown between the two. Unlikely you had severe valve or ring issues on both cylinders. I have one in the driveway now with a blow-out between 2 and 3.
If and when you go into it, here some tips.
1. Use a FelPro or OEM Mazda head gasket. You will have too much time and money invested to save a few bucks on a cheap gasket. You don't want to "re-do" it.
2. While you have the valve cover off, it's a good time to replace the PCV valve grommet. If it's old and hardened, it's almost impossible to get them out from the outside. If it won't come out that way, then you can just push it through, remove the baffle cover from the inside, remove the grommet, then reseal the baffle cover (high temp RTV).
3. The rear vent hose, (under the resonator) is often hard and brittle and can crack or beak when removing. Generic hoses don't make the turns too well and will usually be pinched nearly shut. Go with a new molded Mazda hose, if you need one.
4. There are lot of small coolant hoses that have probably never been replaced. While you have the head off, some are much easier to access. If they are old, replace them now. OEM Mazda hoses are top quality and fit better. Unless you know that some are only a few years old, I would replace them all. This goes for the oil cooler hoses as well. OEM Mazda will fit perfect and not require trimming to fit like many aftermarket hoses.
5. Your head bolts are NOT "Torque to Yield." So you don't have to replace them. However, there is a washer that goes under the bolt that holds the distributor drive gear and timing gear to the camshaft that
is TTY. So get one of those from Mazda. It's not an ordinary washer.
6. Replace the thermostat while you have it apart unless you know that yours is relatively new. Mazda or Stant brand are the way to go. 195 is the factory thermostat temperature. You'll need both gaskets for that too.
7. If your valve cover gasket is leaking or is more than 5 years old, plan to replace that too.
8. Get a new o-ring for the distributor.
9. You'll need a new intake manifold gasket... the one that is between the manifold and the head. Shouldn't have any need for the one between the upper and lower half of the intake manifold. I point this out so that if and when you go to buy one, make sure you are getting the right one.
10. Clean the head up and check for cracks and also for flatness. You don't want to put it back together if the head has issues.
If you need any help with these p/n's, let me know and I'll get you a list.