Cusser
+1y
I had a voltage regular go out once on my old Toyota truck, high voltage. I could see the dash lights get real bright and then burn out; in fact all my lights burned out except the headlights and turn signals/flashers. So I made it home using headlights and flashers on. I presume that flasher bulbs did not burn out from excess voltage because they got a chance to cool, but headlights did not burn out, might be a designed-in safety thing.
So I think you'd notice if there were voltage increases enough to burn out a bulb's filament. The thing to do is check for voltage at the headlight connection itself; there's one terminal for low beam positive voltage, one terminal for high beam positive voltage, and a ground (so you'll need to switch lever to check both positive circuits).
Also, once unplugged, the ohms resistance for each filament in the bulb can be measured with the multimeter to see if both filaments are really burned out.
That bulb that burned out is covered by warranty - return it. I had one new Sylvania lose a filament a few years ago after a few months, returned it for another.
But the key is to test the circuit and the bulb filaments. And same for license plate lights, tail lights, etc. An inexpensive digital multimeter is " "must". These are under $20 at many palces, and sometimes free with coupon at Harbor Freight.